The first ISS component was launched in 1998, and the first long-term residents arrived on 2 November 2000 after being launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome on 31 October 2000. However, continued cooperation has been rendered uncertain by the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and subsequent international sanctions on Russia. Roscosmos had endorsed the continued operation of ROS through 2024, having previously proposed using elements of the segment to construct a new Russian space station called OPSEK. The US segment includes ten modules, whose support services are distributed 76.6% for NASA, 12.8% for JAXA, 8.3% for ESA and 2.3% for CSA. The Russian segment includes six modules. The station is divided into two sections: the Russian Orbital Segment (ROS) is operated by Russia, while the United States Orbital Segment (USOS) is run by the United States as well as by the other states. The ISS circles the Earth in roughly 93 minutes, completing 15.5 orbits per day. It maintains an orbit with an average altitude of 400 kilometres (250 mi) by means of reboost manoeuvres using the engines of the Zvezda Service Module or visiting spacecraft. It is the largest artificial object in space and the largest satellite in low Earth orbit, regularly visible to the naked eye from Earth's surface. The ISS is the ninth space station to be inhabited by crews, following the Soviet and later Russian Salyut, Almaz, and Mir stations and the American Skylab. The ISS programme evolved from the Space Station Freedom, an American proposal which was conceived in 1984 to construct a permanently manned Earth-orbiting station, and the contemporaneous Soviet/Russian Mir-2 proposal from 1976 with similar aims. The ISS is suited for testing the spacecraft systems and equipment required for possible future long-duration missions to the Moon and Mars. The station serves as a microgravity and space environment research laboratory in which scientific research is conducted in astrobiology, astronomy, meteorology, physics, and other fields. The ownership and use of the space station is established by intergovernmental treaties and agreements. It is a multinational collaborative project involving five participating space agencies: NASA (United States), Roscosmos (Russia), JAXA (Japan), ESA (Europe), and CSA (Canada). The International Space Station ( ISS) is a modular space station (habitable artificial satellite) in low Earth orbit.
Source: NCHS and U.S.Station elements as of November 2021 Compare this to the broader inflation rate of 476.1% for this same time period.
Annual, per-capita health expenditures increased by 3,202% between 19.This was 17.3% of the total $4,128 annual health care cost per person. Out-of-pocket health expenditures averaged $714.14 in 2000.Prescription drugs frequently used by Medicare beneficiaries increased in price 24% from 2000 to 2004.Source: Energy Information Administration Gasoline cost an average of $1.51 per gallon in 2000.Source: Transportation Energy Data Book: Edition 22, pg. 18.3% of U.S.households in 2000 had 3 or more vehicles, compared to 2.5% in 1960.